Rough skin, which occurs because of barrier disruption, is one of the most important cosmetic problems. The outermost surface of the body is covered by the stratum corneum, which is an effective barrier essential for preventing epidermal water loss and impeding the entry of external stimulus.
The stratum corneum comprises layered cornified cells produced by the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and intercellular lipids. Whether Radical Sponge has a barrier recovery effect was investigated. Radical Sponge prevented the decrease in cornified envelope and transglutaminase-1 mRNA expression induced by ultraviolet radiation. In addition, it could lessen oxidative stressinduced water loss. In human studies, Radical Sponge was shown to accelerate the recovery of barrier disruption by tape-stripping, and the combination of Radical Sponge and hyaluronic acid further accelerated the recovery. These results suggest that Radical Sponge as an antioxidant may offer a new solution for rough skin.
Rough skin is an important cosmetic problem. Rough skin appears to have dullness, uneven colour, and rough texture. Rough skin is caused by a fragile stratum corneum, which results from exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, external antigens, toxic chemicals, diseases, and stress. More UV rays and external stimulus are transmitted to the epidermis and more water loss occurs from the fragile stratum corneum. These cumulative damages lead to rough skin (Fig 1). Thus, preventing rough skin to maintain good stratum corneum is important. Ingredients such as humectants, which have a waterholding property or water-absorbing property, and emollients, which have occlusive effects on skin, traditionally have been used to prevent rough skin.
en used to prevent rough skin. The outermost surface of the body is covered by the stratum corneum, which is an effective barrier essential for preventing epidermal water loss and impeding the entry of external stimulus. The stratum corneum comprises layered cornified cells produced by the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and intercellular lipids. These cornified cells are covered by a highly insoluble envelope, called the cornified envelope, which is composed of binding a number of proteins catalysed by transglutaminase.1
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